Abstract
The Maranhense Amazon floodplain shelters a Ramsar site established by the United Nations for the protection of wetland biodiversity. Despite its protected ecological status, the impacts from deforestation, burning, the agricultural and livestock industries, are on the rise. Knowledge of the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of these impacts are important to improve the understanding of how this region is affected. Data on increasing deforestation and hot pixels were used to evaluate the anthropogenic pressure under the geodiversity of the region, relating them to the environmental variables (rainfall, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Deforestation annual deforestation rate) measured through the rainfall data and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). In this study, the potential of remote sensing and geographic information system. The time series were used from 2001 to 2016 for all variables. We observed a strong negative and significant correlation between hot pixels and NDVI, while hot pixels increase, the vegetation indexes tend to decrease. In 2006 an abrupt fall in the NDVI occurred due to the marked increase in the deforested area. In 2010, the NDVI reached its highest levels, because the vegetation responded to the highest rainfall observed in the period in 2009. Unit 4 presented the highest pixels number in the period evaluated (2,978 pixels; 55% of the total). There is a significant correlation between NDVI and rainfall.
Highlights
The loss of natural habitats due to anthropic interference greatly impacts the Amazonian biome
The study area represents the pedo-geomorphological characteristics found in the microregion well. 2.2 Space-Time Dynamics of Fires Under the Local Geodiversity To identify the geodiversity of the study area, we used a database from the Brazil Geodiversity Project to generate a multiscale product, facing the land use and planning of mineral, transport, agriculture, tourism and environment sectors
This count is weighted by the distance of each event to the reference point within a given radius; a property of relevance for the analysis of the tendency of a spatial stochastic process (Abreu & Souza, 2016). 2.3 Relation Between Deforestation, Fires, Rainfall, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) The deforestation rates were obtained from the PRODES/Institute for Space Research (INPE) project that monitors deforestation by shallow cutting in the Legal Amazon
Summary
The loss of natural habitats due to anthropic interference greatly impacts the Amazonian biome. The Maranhense Floodplain region, known as “Baixada Maranhense” (in Portuguese), located in the Maranhense Amazon, is recognized internationally as one of the 25 Ramsar Sites in Brazil (Convention on Wetlands of International Importance), which host some of the most biologically diverse environments on the planet (Farias Filho, 2013). This region constitutes a State Environmental Protection Area, established by the Decree 11.900 of November 6, 1991. 19,048 hot pixels were registered in the state Conservation Units, which corresponded to 19.5% of all the hot pixels identified in this period for Maranhão (Silva et al, 2016)
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