Climate-Induced Respiratory Challenges: Understanding Allergic Reactions and Asthma Caused by Pollen Allergens

Abstract

‌In recent years, the impact of climate change on our environment has become increasingly evident. Human activities, particularly the rise in atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases, are key contributors to this shift. These changes in climate, combined with global warming, have notable effects on weather patterns, influencing the quantity, intensity, and frequency of precipitation. Additionally, climate change is linked to a heightened occurrence of extreme events such as heatwaves, droughts, floods, and hurricanes. A significant concern is the intricate relationship between climate change and respiratory health. In this review, we highlight the association between climate change and respiratory allergies, increased prevalence and severity of asthma, and related allergic diseases. The alterations brought about by climate change significantly contribute to the development of allergic respiratory diseases and asthma. This impact extends to pollen allergies, with changes in their onset, duration, and intensity attributed to climate change. Studies indicate that plants respond to elevated atmospheric CO2 levels with enhanced photosynthesis and reproductive effects, resulting in increased pollen production. Pollen allergies provide valuable insights into the interplay between air pollution and allergic respiratory diseases like rhinitis and asthma. Recognizing the broader health implications, it becomes crucial to address the underlying causes. Implementing measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions emerges not only as a pivotal step in mitigating climate change but also as a proactive approach with positive health benefits. The need for a comprehensive strategy is underscored by the interconnectedness of environmental and public health concerns in the face of a changing climate.