Abstract
The article examines the climate policy of Russia and Kazakhstan in the period between the years 1990 and 2020. The position of the countries during the international negotiations on the formation of global climate regimes, the causes and factors affecting foreign and domestic climate policy are analyzed. The main actions and institutional changes in Russia and Kazakhstan aimed at the achievement of climate commitments are considered as well. Moreover, the key national programs on ecological modernisation of farms are discussed. The ecaluationt of the development level of various instruments of climate policy in both countries is provided. In conclusion the comparative scheme of climate activities in Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan , designed by the authors, is presented.
Highlights
Global climate change is a key ecological problem of the XXI century
The signing and ratification of the Paris Agreement, which implies the adoption of commitments to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG), strengthens the processes of environmental transformation in Russia and Kazakhstan
The goal of the international climate policy is to stabilize the climate on Earth by reducing GHG emissions
Summary
Over the past 40 years, the continuant increase in annual temperatures has been observed. In this regard, Russia and Kazakhstan are not the exceptions. The increase in average annual temperatures exceeded global indicators. An increase in the air temperature leads to a rise in the frequency and intensity of droughts, floods, hurricanes, and other extreme weather conditions. Both countries are characterized by a rise in the number of forest fires, problems with water supply and agriculture
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