Climate-neutral municipal building stock - life cycle assessment of large residential building stocks based on semantic 3D city models

Abstract

This publication presents the results of applying Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods to the entire residential building stock of Germany's third largest city, the City of Munich. The focus of the LCA is on the technical components of the building heating system. For the analysis, we use our developed tool urbi+, which takes 3D city models in the CityGML standard enriched with building specific information as input parameters. Thus, we investigate both the status quo of Munichs' building stock and two different development scenarios with the goal of climate neutrality by the year 2035. Development scenario 1 focuses on the use of heat pumps and scenario 2 on the expansion of the district heating network. The year 2035 has been defined by the City of Munich as the official goal for achieving climate neutrality. Within the scope of the assessment, we address the parameters of energy demand, greenhouse gas emissions and costs. The results show a multidimensional assessment space between these parameters and how ambitious it is to achieve the goal of climate neutrality by 2035. The results are intended to help political and urban planning decision-makers validate climate targets and make informed decisions about measures to achieve climate neutrality.