Climate-conscious pharmacy practice: An exploratory study of community pharmacists in Ontario.

Abstract

Climate change remains a significant challenge to global health. The health care system is a major contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While pharmacists are aware of climate change as an important societal issue, there is little known about the level of implementation of climate-conscious practices in community pharmacies throughout Ontario. An interview-based system was developed to gather insights from pharmacists regarding their perspectives on climate change and identify strategies to involve them in sustainable practices. Convenience and snowball sampling techniques were used to recruit pharmacists. Interviews were conducted by phone or Zoom, and transcripts were developed and analyzed for common themes using a qualitative method. Twenty-four community pharmacists were interviewed. Three overarching themes emerged: 1) there is a knowledge and awareness gap in the pharmacy profession; 2) before pharmacists can prioritize sustainable practices, they must first address more immediate concerns in the pharmacy; 3) sustainable practice integration requires employment and regulatory changes as relying solely or extensively on the good intentions of frontline pharmacists is insufficient. While pharmacists show concern about the environmental impacts of their work, sustainable practice integration is very limited in community pharmacies across Ontario. There are many challenges and barriers to address. This includes closing the knowledge and awareness gap by incorporating climate-related topics into pharmacy curricula and providing educational seminars and resources for practicing pharmacists. In addition, improving workflow, changing standard operating procedures at a corporate level and providing incentives for implementing eco-friendly practices are crucial steps to address time and financial limitations. To manage patient safety concerns, providing resources that consider climate considerations as a secondary objective, when clinically appropriate for the patient, is the right approach to engage pharmacists. Lastly, advocating for employment and regulatory changes will be necessary for large-scale, durable changes to pharmacy practice.