CLIMATE CHANGES OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE SURFACE AND LEVEL OF THE BLACK SEA BY THE DATA OF REMOTE SENSING AT THE COAST OF THE KRASNODAR KRAI AND THE REPUBLIC OF ABKHAZIA

Abstract

Climate changes in the Black Sea basin and its water area are reflected in changes in the main parameters of the sea state: sea level and sea surface temperature (SST). To study these changes, satellite altimetry and radiometry data were used that allow analyzing the spatial-temporal variability of the interannual rate of change of these parameters over a long time interval. To study the spatial-temporal variability of the rate of SST climatic variability used remote sensing data for two intervals in 1982–2015 and 1993–2015. The results of the study showed that over the time interval 1982–2015 that the SST near the coast of the Krasnodar Krai increase at an average rate of 0.079±0.005°C/yr, and the coast of the Republic of Abkhazia at a rate of 0.072±0.002°C/yr. At the same time, the growth rate of SST decreased from the Kerch Strait (0.082° C/yr) to Adler(0.076 °C/yr), and along the coast of the Republic of Abkhazia decreased from Adler (0.076°C/yr) to Ochamchire (0.071°C/yr). In the shorter time interval of 1993-2015, which coincided with the time interval for the study of the rate of measurement of the Black Sea level, the rate of change in SST also decreased in the direction from the Kerch Strait to the border with Georgia. The results showed that for the time interval of 1993–2015. Sea level off the coast of the Krasnodar Krai increase at an average rate of 0.29±0.03 cm/yr, and the coast of the Republic of Abkhazia – at a rate of 0.27±0.02 cm/yr. The rate of increase in the level of the Black Sea increased from the Kerch Strait (0.28 cm/yr) to Adler (0.31 cm/yr), and along the coast of the Republic of Abkhazia, on the contrary – decreased from Adler (0.31 cm/yr) Up to Ochamchira (0.24 cm/yr).