Abstract
Chapter four considers climate change and the vexed question of whether, and if so why, droughts were becoming more frequent. For much of the nineteenth century, contemporaries believed that the climate was becoming more extreme, and droughts more frequent, as a result of human activity, in particular deforestation. Over the second half of the century, with the growth of scientific meteorology, a new consensus emerged that climate change was autogenic, and cyclical. Most contemporaries acknowledged, however, that the loss of woodland in the region had removed barriers to the drying winds from the east.
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