Abstract
The biochemical, biological, and morphogenetic processes of plants are affected by ongoing climate change, causing alterations in crop development, growth, and productivity. Climate change is currently producing ecosystem modifications, making it essential to study plants with an improved adaptive capacity in the face of environmental modifications. This work examines the physiological and metabolic changes taking place during the development of sunflower plants due to environmental modifications resulting from climate change: elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and increased temperatures. Variations in growth, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism, as well as their effect on the plant’s oxidative state in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) plants, are studied. An understanding of the effect of these interacting factors (elevated CO2 and elevated temperatures) on plant development and stress response is imperative to understand the impact of climate change on plant productivity.
Highlights
The UN Framework Convention (1992) on Climate Change defines climate change as a type of climate modification that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity.This modification alters the composition of the global atmosphere and acts in addition to the natural climate variability, which can be observed over comparable time periods.During the last decades, anthropic emissions of greenhouse gases, such carbon dioxide (CO2 ), nitrous oxide (N2 O), and methane (CH4 ) have induced alterations in natural climate cycles of the Earth, elevating the mean surface temperature of the planet [1]
Sunflowers grown at elevated CO2 concentrations were shown to reveal improved growth, reflected in an increased specific leaf mass (SLM), which refers to the dry weight of young leaves (16 days) [25]
Within the context of current environmental conditions and those projected for the coming decades, an urgent need exists to increase crop performance by developing crops that are resistant to environmental changes
Summary
The UN Framework Convention (1992) on Climate Change defines climate change as a type of climate modification that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity This modification alters the composition of the global atmosphere and acts in addition to the natural climate variability, which can be observed over comparable time periods. Transcription factors have been identified that were upregulated during water stress conditions and that may act as hubs in the transcriptional network Many of these transcription factors belong to families implicated in the water stress response in model species [14]. This review focuses on the physiological and metabolic changes taking place during the development of sunflower plants due to environmental modifications resulting from climate change, especially elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and increased temperatures
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