Climate change effects on fractional order prey-predator model

Abstract

The key issue in ecology is how environmental changes associated with global climate change, specifically rising temperatures influence relationships of species. Predation is one of the main focus for understanding ecosystem responses to climate change. In this work, fractional order prey-predator system is considered by singular and nonsingular fractional operators within Caputo, Caputo–Fabrizio (CF) and Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo (ABC) sense. The predation rate is considered by a function of time, the function of the temperature refer to climate change, which explains how rising temperatures lead to predation. Extensive numerical simulations are performed to provide details of the underlying structure of the system. It is observed that the population fluctuate more in CF model than Caputo and ABC cases in time. Real-world observations are supported by obtained numerical observations of fluctuations in prey and predator populations under the effect of increasing temperature.