Climate Change and Urban Flooding: Assessing Remote Sensing Data and Flood Modeling Techniques: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

This review critically examines the current understanding of climate change impacts on urban flooding, synthesizing recent findings to provide a comprehensive overview of how rising temperatures, sea-level rise, and increased extreme weather events influence urban floods. Additionally, it discusses various flood modeling techniques, outlining their advantages and disadvantages. Covering a broad spectrum of studies published between 2007 and 2024, selected for their relevance and methodology, this review highlights several key findings. Climate change significantly exacerbates urban flood disasters, with remote sensing emerging as an indispensable tool for climate change and flood monitoring and prediction. Despite these advancements, notable gaps remain in the literature. There is a conspicuous lack of long-term impact studies and limited discourse on the efficacy of existing mitigation strategies. Additionally, the review underscores the deficiency of real-time flood monitoring systems specifically designed for urban areas. These gaps highlight an urgent need for targeted research and the development of adaptive management practices to enhance flood prediction and management in urban settings. Future research must focus on advancing real-time monitoring systems, integrating remote sensing technologies more effectively, and developing comprehensive flood models. The review also emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches that merge hydrology, climatology, urban planning, and technology. By consolidating existing research, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers. It underscores the critical need for innovative flood modeling techniques and adaptive management strategies to tackle the challenges posed by climate change. This synthesis not only enriches the current body of knowledge, but also provides clear directions for future investigations, emphasizing the imperative for improved prediction, preparedness, and response mechanisms in urban flood management.