Climate Change and Small Farmers’ Vulnerability to Food Insecurity in Cameroon

Clodine S Mbuli,Amber J Fletcher,Lotsmart N Fonjong

doi:10.3390/su13031523

Abstract

There is interconnectedness between small farmers’ productivity, climate change, and the state of food security in Africa south of the Sahara. The neglect of small farmers amidst climate change challenges in the Global South suggests the existence of a vicious circle of low productivity and deprivation that exacerbates the vulnerability of small-scale farmers, who largely depend on rain-fed agriculture to feed their families and nations. The limited adaptive capacity of these farmers in the face of growing instability in rainfall and temperatures is affecting the output, profitability, and survival of these small-scale farmers, whose production is principally for the local market and therefore critical for community food security. The underdeveloped local agricultural sector and limited investment in climate-smart agriculture also affect small farmers’ productivity and ability to meet the food demands of increasing populations. This paper examines the challenges of small-scale farmers in a resource-rich economy, their vulnerability to climate change, and the effects on food insecurity. It is based on an in-depth qualitative case study of 30 residents from the Tiko and Santa areas in the South West and North West regions of Cameroon, respectively. The paper argues that small farmers’ vulnerability to climate-induced agricultural losses increases the risks of food insecurity for the growing Cameroonian population.

Highlights

Climate change today poses a threat with devastating effects on individuals, communities [1], and the food and agricultural sector [2]
The disturbing food insecurity concerns in SubSaharan Africa (SSA) are partly caused by climate change effects, which in turn are influenced by the limited adaptive capacity of the agricultural system, poor policies, and high dependence on rain-fed agriculture [8]
The results reveal key factors influencing small-scale farmers’ vulnerability to climate change

Summary

Introduction

Climate change today poses a threat with devastating effects on individuals, communities [1], and the food and agricultural sector [2]. The disturbing food insecurity concerns in SSA are partly caused by climate change effects, which in turn are influenced by the limited adaptive capacity of the agricultural system, poor policies, and high dependence on rain-fed agriculture [8]. Rain-fed agriculture contributes about two-thirds of global food demand and—as the main source of livelihood for most populations across the world—is most vulnerable to climate change and climate variation [9]. Small-scale farmers who depend on rain-fed agriculture are central to agriculture and food security in Cameroon and other developing countries, yet these farmers may Sustainability 2021, 13, 1523.

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion