Abstract
Approximately 70% of shrimp consumed globally is farmed. India is ranked among the top five shrimp farming countries globally, and occurs mainly in the eastern coastal state of Andhra Pradesh (AP). More than 90% of the farms are less than 2 ha and are farmer owned, operated and managed. The objective of this study was to increase our understanding of climatic and socio-economic factors influencing this sector, through a survey of 300 shrimp farmers in AP in 2009/10. The farming communities were divisible into two groups: members of a society/cooperative and those operating individually. The latter were large scale adopting more intensive practices. The average production cost was Indian Rupees (IRS) 80,186 ha-1 and net income in summer and winter was IRS 221,901 and IRS 141,715, respectively. The mean technical efficiency estimated using Stochastic frontier function was 7% and 54%. The present study attempts to explain the difference in efficiencies using socio-economic and climatic variables, the latter being a novel approach. Among socio-economic variables, farming experience and membership in society were found to have a significant influence to improve technical and economic efficiencies. Further improvements in identifiable facets of the practices and a consequent increase in technical efficiency will make the sector less vulnerable to climatic change impacts.
Highlights
Nearly 70% of the shrimp consumed globally is farmed
In the last five years or more there had been a general revival of small scale shrimp farming in India, in particular in the coastal state of Andhra Pradesh (AP) through a series of interventions
Andhra Pradesh has a long coastline with two large delta systems formed by the rivers Godavari and Krishna that offers a great potential for aquaculture sector, with the largest number of shrimp farms, mostly small-scale and has the highest number of shrimp farming societies
Summary
India ranks as one of the largest producers of the black tiger shrimp [Penaeus monodon (Fabricius)] in the world. It contributed 21 and 44% by volume and value, respectively to Indian seafood exports in 2008-09 (MPEDA, 2010). - Shrimp industry in the east coast of India was seriously affected by white spot virus disease since 1993, as in most countries in the Asia-Pacific region (Kongkeo & Davy, 2009), leading to a rapid decrease in the farming area and production volume (Muralidhar et al, 2010). In the last five years or more there had been a general revival of small scale shrimp farming in India, in particular in the coastal state of Andhra Pradesh (AP) through a series of interventions.
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