Climate change and reconstruction of Indonesia’s geographic basepoints: Reconfiguration of baselines and Indonesian Archipelagic Sea lanes

Abstract

Indonesia is a state that is very vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, one of which is sea level rise. Based on data from the International Panel of Climate Change (IPCC), sea level rises by an average of 2.5 mm every year. There are 92 outermost small islands of Indonesia that have the potential to sink due to rising sea levels. The existence of the small island is the point of withdrawal of the archipelagic baseline that connects one island to another. The impact of the sinking of the islands is a shift in the baseline and archipelagic sea lanes that will change the boundaries of Indonesia's maritime territorial sovereignty. Indonesia Government has deposited Government Regulation No. 37 of 2008 concerning the Basic Point of Coordinates for the Indonesian Archipelago to the United Nations Secretariat General. If there is a change or shift in the baseline withdrawal, Indonesia must reconstruct the baseline drawing which will also have an impact on changes in the Indonesian archipelagic sea lanes which are used as the determination of border areas with other states. In order to obtain clarity on territorial sovereignty regarding the reconfiguration of baselines, there are no clear guidelines, both in national and international law. The aim of this paper is to create a Geographic Basepoint Reconstruction Model of Indonesia by analyzing the outer islands of Indonesia that are sinking due to climate change using a Resource-Based Theory implementation in developing a Reconstruction Model for Indonesia's Geographic Baseline and Implementing baseline reconfiguration and Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lane due to climate change.