Abstract
The effects of climate change are becoming increasingly pronounced and powerful, taking on an alarming scale and imposing enormous economic and human costs on humanity. However, the burden of these costs is unevenly distributed with the poorest and most vulnerable bearing the heaviest toll. Such a situation requires specific and targeted measures, if the humanity seriously intends to meet the goals of International Sustainable Development Strategy. This is an unprecedented challenge to humanity not only because of the size of financial resources needed to be mobilized, but also because of the tension between socio-economic and political short, mid and long-term goals and aims, tension between the needs to ensure a rapid and quantitative economic growth and the needs to reduce mass poverty and social inequality. The article attempts to review policies and measures undertaken by governments and civil society groups to resolve the above tensions by developing integrative adaptation policies and measures, which allow to simultaneously address the problems of environment degradation, natural disaster risks and socio-economic development. It focuses on most vulnerable segments of population: self-employed and employees of micro, small and medium enterprises, both formal and informal. The article highlights prevailing world-wide trends in disaster risk management and risk reduction efforts and tries to identify most innovative and effective programs, which could be adjusted to specific conditions of Russia.
Highlights
The effects of climate change are becoming increasingly pronounced and powerful, taking on an alarming scale and imposing enormous economic and human costs on humanity
In low-income and lower middle-income countries, the share of MSMEs in total employment is much larger than in other country groupings, and it ranges between 67-97 % (Small Matters... 2019)
The ability of MSMEs to survive is of great importance for the preservation of the livelihood of the poorest and most vulnerable segments of the global population
Summary
The effects of climate change are becoming increasingly pronounced and powerful, taking on an alarming scale and imposing enormous economic and human costs on humanity. The article attempts to review policies and measures undertaken by governments and civil society groups to resolve the above tensions by developing integrative adaptation policies and measures, which allow to simultaneously address the problems of environment degradation, natural disaster risks and socio-economic development It focuses on most vulnerable segments of population: self-employed and employees of micro, small and medium enterprises, both formal and informal. The twin goal of this article is to assess the MSMEs capacities and capabilities to adapt to and cope with the consequences of natural disasters and to review policies and policy measures undertaken by different states and international organizations in order to strengthen their ability to meet the challenges of climatic changes. One of the leading global professional services firms “Aon plc” estimated that the world economic losses and damage resulted from natural disasters in 2019 amounted to USD 232 billion, of which USD 229 billion resulted solely from weather disasters. The inland flood peril was the costliest of 2019, and its highest year since 2013 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) (Weather... 2020)
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