Climate change and its impacts on the wetlands of North Bihar, India

Abstract

AbstractBihar is one of the major states of India, being located almost in the middle of the Gangetic Plain. The Ganga River divides the state in two parts, the northern region being known as North Bihar. It is the playground of many rivers originating in Nepal, which characteristically carry water during the monsoon season far beyond their carrying capacities, with resulting massive silting and silt loads. The rivers have meandered in the past and changed their courses, leaving many natural depressions later converted into oxbow lakes. The lakes are fed by rainwater and monsoon river flows. These wetlands are present in large numbers in North Bihar, having served many useful purposes. Although they were nature’s own initiative at flood control, this important function is now seriously impaired because of a number of natural and man‐made reasons. In short, these wetlands are dying, and climate change is likely to compound and worsen the situation. Long‐term temperature and rainfall data related to the region were statistically analysed in this study. The results indicated that, while the temperature was increasing, the rainfall exhibited a declining trend. Analysis of the rainfall data used in this study indicated that they were consistent. The finding highlights the potential future danger and justifies a comprehensive research effort directed to obtaining definitive results. Indeed, a quick assessment, and adoption of remedial measures without delay, is imperative for the future of this aquatic system.