Abstract
Climate change and its effect on marine environment, especially ocean warming, acidification and sea level rise, impacts fisheries in different ways. However, fisheries and climate change are regulated by different international management mechanisms, which makes the current fisheries management system face challenges. Realizing this, the present paper is designed to consider whether international law should be introduced to apply better management of fisheries so as to cope with the issues arising from climate change. In addition, the paper highlights the importance of incorporating relevant principles into future fisheries regulations by examining an existing bilateral fishery agreements.
Highlights
It is evident that climate change has impact on fishery, the present paper is designed to consider whether international law, international legal principles, should be introduced to apply better management to fisheries so as to cope with the issues arising from climate change
The North Pacific Fishery Management Council (NPFMC) has closed sections of the ocean to fishing because of the scientific uncertainty of data due to climate change, and the Arctic Management Area is closed to commercial fishing until such time in the future that sufficient information is available with which to initiate a planning process for commercial fishery development [19]
East Atlantic Fisheries Organization (SEAFO) has taken steps to enter into co-operation agreements with other Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs), such as CCAMLR, on collecting data and information that could be used to study the impact of climate change on the marine ecosystems [44]
Summary
Rising water temperatures and ocean acidification damage coral reefs by enhancing reef dissolution and bio-erosion, affecting coral species distribution, and leading to community changes. Small increases in sea temperature (as little as 1 ◦ C to 2 ◦ C) can cause mass coral bleaching and mortality across hundreds of square kilometers of coral reef [4] When this occurs on a global scale, it is referred to as a “mass bleaching event.”. Mangroves, coral reefs and seagrass beds are significant in the provision of ecosystem services, especially as nurseries for young fish, and are amongst the most sensitive and highly exposed to the negative impacts of coastal development, pollution, sedimentation, destructive fishing practices, and climate change [7]. It is evident that climate change has impact on fishery, the present paper is designed to consider whether international law, international legal principles, should be introduced to apply better management to fisheries so as to cope with the issues arising from climate change
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