Abstract
In recent years, the conflict between human activities and the natural environment has led to global warming and extreme weather, which has provoked people into thinking about the climate adaptability of buildings. Historical blocks are usually built and designed based on the social environment and climatic conditions at that time; therefore, they generally contain the construction techniques relevant to dealing with the local climate. The study aims to study the microclimate characteristics of a historic conservation area in a severe cold region and to explore how it attempted to achieve climate adaptation. Taking the Chinese–Baroque historic conservation area in Harbin as an example, this paper analyzed and studied the climate adaptability technology and excavated the suitable technology for the block to deal with a severe cold climate through research, field measurements, and numerical simulation. The results showed that compared with a certain modern urban area in the city, the Chinese–Baroque historic conservation area had better ability to resist wind and cold. The compact layout of the block could reduce heat loss and keep out the cold by effectively resisting the cold wind from permeating inside. Compared with the T-shaped and L-shaped courtyards, the rectangular courtyard occupies the largest proportion and a rectangular courtyard enclosed by buildings on all sides had better windbreak performance. Furthermore, when the courtyard space was enclosed by four sides and the courtyard width was the same, when the plane aspect ratio was smaller, the maximum wind speed of the inner courtyard was smaller. The squares in the block had a good performance in cold resistance. At the same scale, the higher the degree of enclosure of the square, the lower the internal wind speed. This study will provide a reference for urban planning and architectural design in severe cold regions.
Highlights
In recent years, the conflict between human activities and the natural environment has led to global warming and extreme weather
The research on the thermal environment characteristics of the block under the diversified space combination of the Chinese–Baroque historic conservation area in Harbin based on the climatic characteristics of the severe cold region was studied
A1 and a2 were located in the T-shaped courtyard and L-shaped courtyard, respectively; a3 and a4 were located in the same rectangular courtyard. b1 and b2 were placed on two small squares along the street, respectively. c1–c3 were placed on South Three Street; c1 and c3 were located at the square openings of the street and c2 was located in the facade continuity of the street. c4 was located at the facade continuity of the South Two Street
Summary
The conflict between human activities and the natural environment has led to global warming and extreme weather. Domestic scholars conducted field measurements and simulated research on the physical environment of historical block squares, courtyards, and streets [8,9,10,11] to explore the climate adaptability of buildings and improve the performance of the architecture in light of its current problems. The study on the climate-adaptive construction techniques of the Chinese–Baroque historic conservation area is of great value for further exploring the excellent cold-adaptive design and construction techniques in traditional blocks and further providing references for urban construction in severe cold regions. The research on the thermal environment characteristics of the block under the diversified space combination of the Chinese–Baroque historic conservation area in Harbin based on the climatic characteristics of the severe cold region was studied. The study of microclimate in the historic conservation area is important for urban construction, the protection and development of urban history and culture, and the quality of life of urban residents
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