Abstract
A clean method for bismuth extraction was investigated by multiphase roasting and beneficiation. Iron oxide and carbon, used as the sulfur-fixing agent and reductant, were roasted with Bi2S3, yielding Bi metal and iron sulfide. The products were separated by gravity separation. The predominance-area diagrams of Bi-Fe-S-O indicated that the stable zone of Bi + FeS increases with increasing temperature. The reaction equilibrium simulations among Bi2S3, Fe2O3, and C verified that Bi and FeS were the final products at > 400°C and without SO2 generation when the reductant was sufficient. Reaction process investigations of the Bi2S3-Fe2O3-C multiphase system indicated that the Bi generation rate and sulfur-fixing rate reached 94.17% and 96.79% at 800°C. In the kilogram confirmation test of the entire process, the recovery rate of metallic Bi and the sulfur-fixing rate reached 92.28% and 95.17%. The new process reduces the smelting temperature and improves SO2 emissions.
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