Abstract
Methane and carbon dioxide are of major concern as greenhouse gases; the landfills have the problem of controlling these gases. Al Akaider in Jordan is the second biggest landfill suffers controlling gases as it lacks a cover design system. In this work, the main goal is to investigate the appropriateness of amended expansive clayey soil in Irbid as a cover barrier. The expansive soil is unwanted in construction projects, thus the modification of this expelled soil enables using it as a low cost landfill cover barrier. In this research, the effect of adding nano-clay material (Hydrophilic Nano Bentonite) on the geotechnical characteristics, hydraulic conductivity, and gas transport coefficients of the clayey soil are studied. The soil samples were obtained from Irbid city. Unconfined compressive strength and free swelling tests were performed on soil samples with different percentages of nano-clay added in the range (0.1% to 1.2%) by weight. The results indicated that the addition of nano-clay at low percentages increases the strength of expansive soil up to 315 kPa at 0.6% of nano-clay and the swelling potential decreased dramatically with the addition of nano-clay. The optimal percent of nano-clay was found to be 0.6%. The intrinsic permeability of the amended soil was 6.03×10–15 m2. The average values of fluid transport coefficients were determined at 25 °C. The hydraulic conductivity for water was about 6.5×10–10 m/s. Gas conductivity coefficients for CO2 and CH4 were 5×10–9 m/s and 2.5×10–9 m/s respectively. Gas diffusion coefficients for CO2 and CH4 were 3×10–6 m2/s and 4×10–6 m2/s respectively.
Highlights
The major problems of sanitary landfills are leachate and landfill gases
In this research, amended clayey soil is being investigated to check its ability to serve as low cost landfill barrier
A hydrophilic nano-clay bentonite material is added to the clayey soil to improve its geotechnical characteristics, hydraulic conductivity, and gas transport coefficients
Summary
The major problems of sanitary landfills are leachate and landfill gases. The cover layers have an important role in controlling these problems.Landfill gases contributes to 18% of total greenhouse gases (GHGs) generated in the United States, it is the third after other sources from oil industry and fermentation (EPA, 2014). The major problems of sanitary landfills are leachate and landfill gases. The cover layers have an important role in controlling these problems. Landfill gases contributes to 18% of total greenhouse gases (GHGs) generated in the United States, it is the third after other sources from oil industry and fermentation (EPA, 2014). Methane is 30 times stronger than carbon. The barrier layer in the landfill cover system has the role of preventing the infiltration of precipitation that contributes to leachate formation; and stopping the biogas migration into the atmosphere Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 2020, 28(3): 148–156 dioxide as a greenhouse gas that contributes substantially to global warming (Didier et al, 2000; Mackie & Cooper, 2009).
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