Abstract
The mineralogy and chemistry of cores from Lake Mobutu Sese Seko (East Africa) were studied. The base of the longest core was14C-dated at 28,000 years B.P. The clay fraction contains smectite (S), illite (I), kaolinite (K) and interstratified illite-smectite (I—S). These clays vary in a cyclic pattern. The following sequence was observed in the longest core from top to bottom: S (I+K) → I—S (S, + I, + K) → I (I—S, +(K)) → I—S (I, +S, +K) → S (I+K). This sequence is related to the Pleistocene evolution of Lake Mobutu Sese Seko. The occurrence of illite is explained as a diagenetic transformation of smectite into illite. During the illite formation (> 12,500 years B.P.) the lake was in a closed basin stage, a conclusion supported by the presence of phillipsite and chabazite zeolites and the occurrence of protodolomitic oolites together with the illite.
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