Clavibacter michiganensis — Transformation of a Phytopathogenic Gram-Positive Bacterium

Abstract

The Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Smith) causes bacterial wilt and canker of tomato (Lycopersicon esculenturn Mill.). The bacteria infect the host plant via wounds, invade the xylem vessels followed by a systemic infection of the host. This pathogen is the target of international quarantine regulations. Bacterial canker of tomato has caused major economic losses of up to 60% in commercial tomato production world-wide, since neither resistant tomato cultivars nor effective chemical controls of this pathogen are available. C. m. michiganensis generally is transmitted by contaminated seeds or transplants, and therefore the spreading of this serious pathogen can only be controlled by detection and elimination of infected plants.