Abstract
Clastogenic factors (CF) have been recognized since the early seventieth as an indirect effect of ionizing radiation (Goh and Sumner, 1968; Hollowell and Littlefield, 1968). Because of their persistence in the blood of irradiated persons many years after exposure, they have been considered as risk factors for late effects of radiation, such as cancer and leukemia (Faguet, 1984). Previous work of our laboratory has shown that CF are not specific for irradiated subjects, but found in a variety of other pathological conditions, where they are biomarkers of oxidative stress. Their formation and their clastogenic action are related to increased superoxide production, since both are regularly inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD) (Emerit, 1994). They are not single factors, as thought by the first observers, but mixtures of chromosome-damaging pro-oxidant substances. Nevertheless the term “clastogenic factor” has been conserved.
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