Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify the epidemiologic factors of panfacial fractures (PFs), and to evaluate the significance of anatomic PF categories and the Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS) in classifying and standardizing panfacial injuries.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients treated with PFs at our institution between June 2010 and April 2021 was performed. PF was defined as a concurrent fracture in at least 3 of 4 facial subunits (frontal, upper midface, lower midface, and mandible). Data regarding patient demographics, causes of injury, location of fractures, major concomitant injuries, and postinjury complications were collected, and the FISS score was collected from each patient. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0.ResultsA total of 227 patients were enrolled. The most commonly fractured bones were the maxillary sinus wall (92.1%), mandible (82.8%), and zygomatic arch (75.3%), and the most common fracture sites in PFs were graphically presented. Four PF patterns were defined: FULM (n = 60), FUL (n = 39), ULM (n = 127), and FUM (n = 1). There was a significant association between PF patterns and sex (p = 0.018), the number of concomitant injuries (p = 0.014), and early surgical airway management (p = 0.003). Different PF patterns were significantly correlated with different types of concomitant injuries and complications. The FISS score showed a significant difference with PF patterns (p = 0.000) and sex (p = 0.007), and a FISS value of 11 or more is the appropriate cutoff for the prediction of multiple concomitant injuries and complications.ConclusionsBoth the anatomic PF categories and FISS were significantly correlated with various concomitant injuries and complications. The combination of PF categories and FISS provided a better positive and negative prediction of concomitant injuries and complications for PF patients. Patients with FULM and FISS > 11 had an obviously higher proportion of the need for multiprofessional treatment.
Highlights
The purpose of this study was to identify the epidemiologic factors of panfacial fractures (PFs), and to evaluate the significance of anatomic Panfacial fracture (PF) categories and the Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS) in classifying and stand‐ ardizing panfacial injuries
Jang et al [1] performed a retrospective study of 99 PF patients and classified the PFs into five categories according to the anatomical site of fractures, showing that different PF patterns were associated with different types of concomitant injuries and complications
In the present study, we investigated various factors associated with PFs, including patient demographics, causes of injury, location of fractures, major concomitant injuries, and postinjury complications
Summary
The purpose of this study was to identify the epidemiologic factors of panfacial fractures (PFs), and to evaluate the significance of anatomic PF categories and the Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS) in classifying and stand‐ ardizing panfacial injuries. The classification of facial injuries, such as the Le Fort system [8], proposed in terms of site distribution and anatomical impairment, helps understand their impact on morbidity and complications. These classification standards are insufficient in their description of more complex injuries as well as injuries to the mandible, midface and upper face, which usually occur in patients with multiple concomitant injuries and complications [9]. It is suggested that this anatomic classification could be a potential tool, these patterns convey qualitative but not quantitative information about the fracture patterns
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
