Classification, Risk Factors, Diagnoses, and Examination for Six-Type Meniscus Tears

Abstract

The knee is the connection of the tibia and femur, which are two bones near to knees, and the menisci are in the knee joint shaped in two wedge pieces of fibrocartilage. Meniscus tears are considered the most common knee injuries and happen from acute trauma - like the fibrocartilage of meniscus tears, breaks, cracks, ruptures, or splits - or as the result of degenerative changes that happen over time. This study discussed the classification, risk factors, diagnoses, and examination for meniscus tears. The result shows that there are six common meniscus tears including bucket handle, flap, radial, degenerative, horizontal, and longitudinal meniscus tears. Risk factors of meniscus tears include age, gender, limb alignment, accidents, sports injuries, and osteoarthritis. Physical examinations and imaging examinations are commonly used techniques. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is considered the most typical standard of testing meniscus tears. It can identify different types of meniscus tears and detect any associated damage to the ligaments, cartilage, and tendons.