Abstract
Current crisis management approaches to protect soft targets make assumptions about average visitors/listeners/viewers or passengers. They do not give much consideration to impacts of diversity of potentially evacuated persons with regard to socio-psychological parameters/factors that may lead to practical problems and complications during the evacuation itself. At the same time, the soft target operators have various means of machine vision tools at their disposal, but do not use these records for more thorough analysis of evacuation planning needs. Based on this observation, the article identifies and analyzes the socio-psychological aspects that may significantly affect behavior and decisions of persons during the evacuation and thus total evacuation time.
Highlights
Protection of persons, which temporarily are using certain public buildings or spaces, i.e. soft targets, are protected through the preventative measures, e.g. systems of physical protection, passive barriers, etc
It is essential to apply the socio-psychological aspects to the process of calculating the total evacuation time, since these aspects have a significant impact on the speed, accuracy, efficiency and effectiveness of decision-making
Evacuation is the primary way of protecting soft targets and other types of buildings [64,65], and above all the people inside them in the event of an emergency event [66]
Summary
Protection of persons, which temporarily are using certain public buildings or spaces, i.e. soft targets, are protected through the preventative measures, e.g. systems of physical protection, passive barriers, etc. The basic concept when evaluating the safety of people in a building is to determine the time required for people to escape safely from the space and pass-through escape routes to a safe place before the conditions that endanger their health and lives occur [12] This is calculated through ASET/RSET methods that determine the safety of travelers. It is a simple timebased approach where both parameters are dependent on several variables that follow from the nature of the emergency event, the character of the building and the composition and behavior of the persons evacuated. These tools consider the nature of the space, individual attributes, the distribution of emergency exits and possible loss of route due to the incident These models may include factors that significantly affect the behavior of people and their decision-making process. The most important aspects, contributing to major deviations from the planned evacuation time, are composition of the evacuees, their human behavior, response time and decision-making
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