Abstract
The main groups of organisms participating in the formation of benthic microbial carbonates are bacteria, cyanobacteria and algae. Three main processes are involved in the formation of microbial carbonates: (1) trapping of sedimentary particles; (2) biomineralization of organic tissue; (3) surficial precipitation of minerals on organisms and sediments. Of these, biomineralization preserves the most information concerning the organisms involved, and trapping preserves the least. Surface mineralization is intermediate, in that it preserves information concerning the exterior size and shape of the organisms.
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