Abstract
In radar meteorology, greater interest is dedicated to weather radars and precipitation analyses. However, cloud radars provide us with detailed information on cloud particles from which the precipitation consists of. Motivated by research on the cloud particles, a vertical Ka-band cloud radar (35 GHz) was installed at the Milešovka observatory in Central Europe and was operationally measuring since June 2018. This study presents algorithms that we use to retrieve vertical air velocity (Vair) and hydrometeors. The algorithm calculating Vair is based on small-particle tracers, which considers the terminal velocity of small particles negligible and, thereby, Vair corresponds to the velocity of the small particles. The algorithm classifying hydrometeors consists of calculating the terminal velocity of hydrometeors and the vertical temperature profile. It identifies six hydrometeor types (cloud droplets, ice, and four precipitating particles: rain, graupel, snow, and hail) based on the calculated terminal velocity of hydrometeors, temperature, Vair, and Linear Depolarization Ratio. The results of both the Vair and the distribution of hydrometeors were found to be realistic for a thunderstorm associated with significant lightning activity on 1 June 2018.
Highlights
Measurements from a millimeter-wave Doppler radars are suitable for research on cloud microphysics at a high spatial and temporal resolution [1,2,3]
The observatory is equipped with a wide set of instruments and its unique location and limited accessibility to the observatory counted among the reasons for selecting this type of cloud radar
The newly installed Ka-band cloud radar at the Milešovka observatory is the first of its kind operating in the Czech Republic
Summary
Measurements from a millimeter-wave Doppler radars are suitable for research on cloud microphysics at a high spatial and temporal resolution [1,2,3]. A vertically pointing polarimetric Ka-band cloud radar (35 GHz) was installed at the Milešovka observatory (Czech Republic, Central Europe) as part of the running project Cosmic Rays and Radiation Events in the Atmosphere (CRREAT). CRREAT is focused on the relationships between cloud hydrometeors/precipitation particles and the electric field in the atmosphere. The observatory is equipped with a wide set of instruments (meteorological and non-meteorological) and its unique location and limited accessibility to the observatory counted among the reasons for selecting this type of cloud radar. The newly installed Ka-band cloud radar at the Milešovka observatory is the first of its kind operating in the Czech Republic. The installation of the radar at the observatory took place at the end of March 2018 and the radar started operating in June 2018
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