Abstract
This study aims to develop an integrated classification methodology for retrofitting that preserves both energy use and cultural value aspects in hot climates, especially, in North Africa, as a hot zone, which lacks retrofitting initiatives of built heritage. Despite the number of existing methods of classification for energy purposes, little attention has been paid to integrate the perceptions of cultural values in those methods. The proposed methodology classifies heritage building stocks based on building physical characteristics, as well as heritage significance levels, and then later integrates the outcomes into a matrix to propose sustainable retrofitting scenarios based on three dimensions, i.e., heritage value locations, types, and heritage significance level. For validation, the methodology was applied to the heritage residential building stock along with a microscale analysis on a building in Khedivial Cairo, Egypt. The findings include extracting twelve building classes, providing a reference building for each class, and a detailed catalogue of the extracted reference buildings that includes retrofitting scenarios for creating energy models. The originality of this work lies in integrating cultural values in a building classification methodology and providing a list of sustainable retrofitting scenarios for reference buildings. The findings contribute to fill the gap in existing building classifications, more specifically in hot climates.
Highlights
With respect to the international picture, the world has been increasingly, and alarmingly, dependent on energy, increasing by 92% from 1971 to 2014, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA) [1]
This study aims at developing an integrated classification methodology to analyze and improve the energy performance of heritage buildings in historic districts in hot climates, which have few studies dealing with such a topic
The central questions this study revolve around include how cultural values can be integrated in building classification methods for energy purposes to propose suitable energy retrofitting scenarios in hot climates, and how these values can affect energy retrofitting choice
Summary
With respect to the international picture, the world has been increasingly, and alarmingly, dependent on energy, increasing by 92% from 1971 to 2014, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA) [1]. The predicted growth rate of energy consumption in built environments is 34% in the 20 years, at an average rate of 1.5%. The contribution of the residential sector for energy use is predicted to be 67% in 2030, and near 33% for non-residential districts [2]. 40% of the total energy usage and around one-third of the greenhouse gas emissions [3,4,5]. The Paris Agreement posited the dire need for implementing retrofitting strategies for existing buildings by 2030 [6,7]. Retrofitting existing buildings has great potential for moving towards low carbon dioxide emissions (CO2 ) [8,9]. Heritage buildings constitute a large portion of the existing buildings in different countries [10]
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