Classification of financial monitoring objects: criteria and indicators of suspicion

Abstract

Problem setting. The problem of legalization (laundering) of money and other property acquired by criminal means is of great importance for Ukraine, because the criminalization of the economy is the main threat to the economic security of the state. In order to successfully combat this negative phenomenon, it is necessary to constantly develop and improve the processes of identification and analysis of financial transactions that are the objects of financial monitoring. Detection of such transactions requires clear criteria and indicators that allow you to quickly and accurately identify among the range of financial transactions those related to money laundering. The list of criteria and indicators of suspicion of financial transactions is large and sometimes ambiguous in terms of its interpretation and application. This issues is important because it is about the scope of law, the subjective rights of participants in financial transactions, the ownership of such persons in their assets and the level of trust in entities that provide financial and other services. The purpose of the research is to study the legal norms in the field of establishment and classification of financial monitoring objects – types of financial transactions depending on the criteria and indicators developed by the subjects of state financial monitoring and supplemented by the subjects of primary financial monitoring. Analysis of resent researches and publications. The solution of problems of legal regulation of the national system of financial monitoring in Ukraine (procedures, methods, risks, criteria, indicators etc.) was devoted to the works of such scientists as A. P. Gavrilishyn, I. M. Patyuta, B. M. Surkalo, O. E. Kostyuchenko, K. A. Kryvulya, Zh. I. Dovgan, I. G. Biryukova, V. M. Berizko and others. However, the issue of classifying financial monitoring objects according to the criteria and indicators of suspicion is important and necessary, because it is on such indicators that all activities in the field of financial monitoring are based and the results of such activities depend on their establishment. Article’s main body. The list of criteria and indicators of suspicion of financial transactions and their classification as objects of financial monitoring is quite wide. Their classification according to the relevant criteria is necessary and enshrined in law, which is important to prevent their unrestricted spread. At the same time, the subjects of state financial monitoring at their own discretion, but taking into account the main requirements of the legislation in the field of financial monitoring, develop and establish the grounds for classifying a financial transaction as an object of financial monitoring. In turn, the subjects of primary financial monitoring at their own discretion, but taking into account the rules and subjects of state financial monitoring, supplement, expand and improve this list in order, on the one hand, to prevent the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from illegal by and their entry into the financial system of the state and, on the other hand, compliance with the subjective rights of customers – participants in financial transactions. Conclusions. The article examines the legal norms in the field of establishment and classification of financial monitoring objects – types of financial transactions depending on the criteria and indicators developed by the subjects of state financial monitoring and supplemented by the subjects of primary financial monitoring. It is concluded that the identification of transactions that are the objects of financial monitoring requires clear criteria and indicators that allow you to quickly and accurately identify among the range of financial transactions those related to money laundering. Risk criteria by type of client, by geographical basis, by type of service (product), by service supply channel (product) are considered. Differentiated indicators of suspicion of financial transactions into indicators related to the activities or behavior of the client, indicators related to the financial operations of the client and indicators for different types of products (services). It is emphasized that the problem of defining clear and standard types of criteria and indicators of financial transactions is important and relevant in the current relations in the field of financial monitoring between the state and the participants of the respective financial transactions.