Abstract
In this work, a system is developed for tracking the skin layer to which a needle-free jet injection of fluid has penetrated by incorporating a laser beam into the jet, and measuring the diffuse light emitted from skin tissue. Monitoring the injection in this way offers the ability to improve the reliability of drug delivery with this transdermal delivery method. A laser beam, axially aligned with a jet of fluid, created a distribution of diffuse light around the injection site that varied as the injection progressed. High-speed videography was used to capture the diffuse light emission from laser-coupled jet injections into samples of porcine skin, fat, and muscle. The injection produced a distribution of diffuse light around the injection site that varied as the injection descended. A classifier, trained to distinguish whether the light source was located in the fat or muscle from surface intensity profile measurements, correctly identified the injected layer in of the cases when cross-examined against estimates using the light distribution emitted from the side of the sample.
Highlights
Jet injection is an alternative transdermal drug delivery technique to the traditional needle and syringe method, whereby a liquid drug is accelerated through a small orifice to form a jet that penetrates through skin
In the subsequent analysis of the jet injection experiments, the side emission ratio was used to identify the site of the effective source, as knowledge of the actual penetration depth was unavailable during the injection
The ratio between light emitted from the fat and muscle was calculated and found to cross a consistent value as the source transitioned between the layers in the controlled-source experiments
Summary
Jet injection is an alternative transdermal drug delivery technique to the traditional needle and syringe method, whereby a liquid drug is accelerated through a small orifice to form a jet that penetrates through skin. There are many advantages to this approach, including reduced patient fear and increased compliance. The technique remains hindered by poor injection depth control, which can lead to pain and local swelling [1]. Failing to inject a drug into the intended tissue layer can have adverse consequences [2]. Insulin is a drug commonly administered via jet injection into the subcutaneous fat. Injecting insulin into the muscle can lead to an absorption rate increase of up to 50% [3], which could have an unfavorable impact on the blood glucose regulation of a diabetic patient
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