Classification of Actigraphy Records from Bipolar Disorder Patients Using Slope Entropy: A Feasibility Study.

David Cuesta-Frau,Filip Spaniel,Pavel Vostatek,Eduard Bakštein,Daniel Novák,Jakub Schneider

doi:10.3390/e22111243

Abstract

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is an illness with high prevalence and a huge social and economic impact. It is recurrent, with a long-term evolution in most cases. Early treatment and continuous monitoring have proven to be very effective in mitigating the causes and consequences of BD. However, no tools are currently available for a massive and semi-automatic BD patient monitoring and control. Taking advantage of recent technological developments in the field of wearables, this paper studies the feasibility of a BD episodes classification analysis while using entropy measures, an approach successfully applied in a myriad of other physiological frameworks. This is a very difficult task, since actigraphy records are highly non-stationary and corrupted with artifacts (no activity). The method devised uses a preprocessing stage to extract epochs of activity, and then applies a quantification measure, Slope Entropy, recently proposed, which outperforms the most common entropy measures used in biomedical time series. The results confirm the feasibility of the approach proposed, since the three states that are involved in BD, depression, mania, and remission, can be significantly distinguished.

Highlights

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness with a prevalence of approximately 1–2% [1,2].It has high heritability rate and equal distribution across both genders [3]
Actigraphy is a promising tool for assessing the differences among the episodes that can be found in BD patients
Long term monitoring enabled by advanced wearables pave the way for better analysis, but manual inspection of the resulting records can be difficult and time consuming

Summary

Introduction

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness with a prevalence of approximately 1–2% [1,2]. It has high heritability rate and equal distribution across both genders [3]. The main symptom is the recurrent changing of symptomatic episodes of depression or of elevated mood (mania) with non-symptomatic (remission) periods [4]. The ultimate goal is to evaluate the effects of treatment. Most of these approaches are based on a set of psychiatric symptoms, as those described in the comprehensive study [8].

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion