Abstract
Iraq currently undergoing the problem of water shortage, although Iraq has two Rivers (Euphrates and Tigris) pass throughout most of its areas, and they have represented a major source of water supply. In the current research, to evaluate the quality of the Euphrates river in Iraq based on the values of total dissolved salts (TDS), the TDS concentrations were collected from sixteen sections along the river in the three succeeding years (2011, 2012, and 2013). The evaluation of the river was done depending on the classification of (W.H.O. (World Health Organization). (2003). Total Dissolved Salts in Drinking-water: Background document for development of W.H.O. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland). of rivers for drinking uses. Inverse Distance Weighting Technique (IDWT) as a tool in the GIS was employed to establish the maps of the river that using interpolation/prediction for the TDS concentrations to each selected year and the average values of TDS for these 3 years. Based on the five categories of rivers’ classification of the TDS concentrations according to the (W.H.O. (World Health Organization). (2003). Total Dissolved Salts in Drinking-water: Background document for development of W.H.O. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland), the Euphrates river was classified, and the maps of classification for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 and the average values for 3 years were created. The average values for 3 years of TDS along the Euphrates river indicated that the sections from SC-1 to SC-4 as moderate-water-quality-Category-3, the sections from SC-5 to SC-10 as poor-water-quality-Category-4, while the sections between SC-11 to SC-16 as very poor-water-quality-Category-5. The interpolation maps showed that the Euphrates river in Iraq was ranged from moderate water quality (Category-3) to very poor water quality (Category-5).
Highlights
Water quality of the river has a great effect on different aspects of human life, effect on the environment, industrial and agricultural
Water quality is related to human activities and changing of natural factors (WHO and UNICEF, 2010)
In 2013, the total dissolved salts (TDS) readings were ranged between 729 ppm (SC-3) and 3978 ppm (SC-13)
Summary
Water quality of the river has a great effect on different aspects of human life, effect on the environment, industrial and agricultural. Water quality is related to human activities and changing of natural factors (WHO and UNICEF, 2010). Many strict instructions and standards to preserve water quality were set which were adopted by several local and international organizations such as World Health Organization (WHO), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) (W.H.O., 2017; EPA, 2017). In Iraq, the water consumption that used for agriculture is 38.1 billion m3/year, 25.38 billion m 3/year for Industry and 16.92 billion m3/year for human usage. 3. Classification the TDS in the river based on the WHO. Project Sixteen Locations on River in GIS. 2. Exporting TDS values to the GIS
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
