Abstract
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with the attenuated total reflectance technique was used to identify Rhodobryum roseum from its four adulterants. The FTIR spectra of six samples in the range from 4000 cm−1 to 600 cm−1 were obtained. The second-derivative transformation test was used to identify the small and nearby absorption peaks. A cluster analysis was performed to classify the spectra in a dendrogram based on the spectral similarity. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to classify the species of six moss samples. A cluster analysis with PCA was used to identify different genera. However, some species of the same genus exhibited highly similar chemical components and FTIR spectra. Fourier self-deconvolution and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) were used to enhance the differences among the species with similar chemical components and FTIR spectra. Three scales were selected as the feature-extracting space in the DWT domain. The results show that FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics is suitable for identifying Rhodobryum roseum and its adulterants.
Highlights
Mosses are small perennial plants that are typically 1–10 cm tall, and more than 12 000 species have been recognized worldwide [1]
The present study aimed to evaluate the potential use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) unit spectroscopy, second-derivative transformation, cluster analysis and Principal component analysis (PCA) to discriminate Rhdobryum roseum from the other four confused species of mosses
The results of the present study show that FTIR spectroscopy with PCA and cluster analyses can be used to discriminate Rhodobryum roseum from other adulterants
Summary
Mosses are small perennial plants that are typically 1–10 cm tall, and more than 12 000 species have been recognized worldwide [1]. Many moss species have broad geographical locations that span several continents. Mosses commonly concentrate in groups [2]. The persistent photosynthetic phase of the moss life cycle is the gametophyte generation. Mosses are one of the most speciose among plants, but few have been used as medical plants. Rhodobryum roseum is a medicinal moss species. Rhodobryum roseum extractives such as ursolic acid, flavonoids, and alkaloids have been used in cardiac study, and the extracts are more frequently used in medical research [3]. Mosses show extensive morphological and PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0172359. Mosses show extensive morphological and PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0172359 February 16, 2017
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