Classification and identification of extreme wind events by CNNs based on Shapelets and improved GASF-GADF

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In this manuscript, we propose an automatic classification and recognition method for extreme wind events based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and combining the Shapelet Transform (ST) algorithm with the improved Gramian Angular Summation Field - Gramian Angular Difference Field (GASF-GADF) 2D images construction format. First, a CNN model suitable for wind speed time series 2D images classification and recognition among five mainstream CNNs (ResNet-50, ShuffleNet0.5 × , DenseNet-121, EfficientNet-B2, and EfficientNetV2-S) is preferred based on the basic Gramian Angular Field (GAF) method; then, the improved GASF-GADF images construction format is proposed, and the optimal CNN is used to compare the classification and recognition results based on other three image conversion methods: Markov Transition Field (MTF), GASF, GADF. Last, it is proposed to utilize the ST algorithm to extract the feature subsequence Shapelets of wind speed time series to further improve the classification and recognition effect on extreme wind events. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method were verified through three extreme wind event datasets in this paper.The results show that the combination of Shapelets and the improved GASF-GADF images transformation method proposed in this paper can effectively enhance the classification and recognition of extreme wind events by CNNs. Among them, EfficientNetV2-S combined with the method proposed in this paper achieves 99.50%, 99.50% and 97.50% recognition Accuracy for thunderstorm, gust front and typhoon, respectively. Meanwhile, it still has good robustness for extreme wind events disturbed by noise.