Abstract
Tire treads are abraded by friction with the road surface, producing tire tread wear particles (TWPs). TWPs combined with other particles on the road such as road wear particles (RWPs) and mineral particles (MPs), forming tire-road wear particles (TRWPs). Dust on an asphalt pavement road is composed of various components such as TRWPs, asphalt pavement wear particles (APWPs), MPs, plant-related particles (PRPs), and so on. TRWPs have been considered as one of major contaminants produced by driving and their properties are important for study on real abrasion behaviors of tire treads during driving as well as environmental contamination. Densities of the TRWPs are totally dependent on the amount of the other components deposited in the TWPs. In this study, a classification method of TRWPs in the road dust was developed using density separation and the classified TRWPs were characterized using image analysis and pyrolytic technique. Chloroform was used to remove APWPs from mixture of TRWPs and APWPs. TRWPs were found in the density range of 1.20–1.70 g/cm3. By decreasing the particle size of the road dust, the TRWP content in the road dust increased and its density slightly tended to increase. Aspect ratios of the TRWPs varied and there were many TRWPs with low aspect ratio below 2.0. The aspect ratio range was 1.2–5.2. Rubber compositions of the TRWPs were found to be mainly NR/SBR biblend or NR/BR/SBR triblend.
Highlights
Tire treads are abraded by friction between the road surface and the tire tread, resulting in the formation of tire-road wear particles (TRWPs) [1,2]
Elastic particles with elongated or round shapes were classified into TRWPs
asphalt pavement wear particles (APWPs) were selected based on the feature of being inelastic and breaking when pressed
Summary
Tire treads are abraded by friction between the road surface and the tire tread, resulting in the formation of tire-road wear particles (TRWPs) [1,2]. TRWPs with high density have many mineral particles or environmental contaminants attached to the surface. It was reported that a very high-density medium of sodium polytungstate solution (density: 2.2 g/cm3) was used for the density separation [1] Using this method, the TRWPs were found in the floated fraction but lots of other particles existed in the same fraction. A separation method of TRWPs from the environmental sample of road dust was developed using salt solutions with different densities and chloroform. The TRWPs were classified by 0.10 g/cm density unit and their structural characteristics and rubber compositions were analyzed We believe that this analytical method could be applied to various environmental samples containing TRWPs such as sediments of river and sea
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