CLASSICISM IN HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPEAN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA

Abstract

The article discusses the general trends in the development of classicism in the architecture of Russia and Siberia. Prerequisites for this development are studied and the examples of famous architectural monuments and the main styles are given. The relevance of this study is conditioned by the problems of preserving historic buildings in Russia and the loss of valuable building elements. Classical architecture is characterized by strict forms widely adopted in the 19th century. For a long time, it was recognized as a background housing and was destructed in the Soviet period. At present, these objects are rare and carry information about the architectural era. Although many authors study the classicism in Russia, it is not yet completely studied, in particular, in Tomsk-city.The purpose of the article is to study the classicism stages in Russia and development in Tomsk. The article uses the methods of comparative and architectural analyses. It is shown how the main public buildings are designed and built in Russia and Tomsk, in particular, in accordance with the approved projects.It is shown that classicism developed in several stages and by the middle of the 19th century became the national style. A need to build state-owned buildings in the provincial cities, the emergence of new types of buildings, such as magistrates, offices, banks, exchanges modified the architectural and artistic direction.Standard projects allow developing the efficient and technically competent housing in a short time, which contribute to the stylistic integrity of the Russian cities. Due to the significant loss of buildings of the classicism period, the existing buildings are the most ancient and valuable objects that require studying and preservation.