Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is a multifactorial, degenerative disease of the retina, is the most common reason for legal blindness over 50 years of age. Dry-form (non-neovascular) AMD is the common type, and frequently non-progressive to total vision loss. Epidemiological, histopathological, and biochemical data demonstrate that AMD is associated with oxidative damage, lipofuscin accumulation, chronic inflammation, and mutations in the complement system. Drusen, hyperpigmentation/hypopigmentation in retinal pigment epithelium, and geographical atrophy can also be observed in dry-form AMD. Various treatment modalities can be used according to the stages of the disease. Antioxidants, visual cycle inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents, neuroprotective treatment, conventional, micropulse, and nano-second laser applications are intended to regulate the various mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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