Classical behaviour in quantum systems: the case of straight tracks in a cloud chamber

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to discuss in a pedagogical way the problem of the emergence of classical behaviour in certain physical systems which, in principle, are correctly described by quantum mechanics. It is stressed that the limit ℏ → 0 is not sufficient and the crucial role played by the environment must be taken into account. In particular, recalled is the old problem raised by Mott in 1929 (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 126 79) concerning the straight tracks observed in a cloud chamber, produced by an α-particle emitted by a source in the form of a spherical wave. The conceptual relevance of the problem for a clearer understanding of the classical limit is discussed in a historical perspective. Moreover, a simple mathematical model is proposed, where the result of Mott is obtained in a rigorous mathematical way.