Classical and "Quantum-like" Views of the Genetic Code

Abstract

We are very pleased to present this Special Issue of NeuroQuantology Journal, devoted to the genetic code and related topics, and kindly made possible by Sultan Tarlaci, the Editor-In-Chief. The origin and the structure of the genetic code of Earth’s living organisms is still a big challenge for Science, with many unanswered questions as for example its “degeneracy”. Since about two decades, its study has attracted many researchers throughout the World, chemists, physicists, mathematicians and others with extremely various and prolific approaches. The presented collection of papers, in this Special Issue, constitutes certainly only a “snapshot” of recent and important researches in this field and made by quality researchers who have very kindly accepted to contribute. It is also a good place, here, to acknowledge the actions of Sultan Tarlaci, in the dissemination of new ideas and to address him all my thanks and, on their behalf, those of my guest authors. We begin with the review by Miloje Rakocevic who explains us, beautifully, that his very long investigation shows that the genetic code is indeed a coherent system. This also a good place to acknowledge his constant help and advice, and also his great disponibility concerning the present Special Issue. I take, also here, the opportunity to address him, once more, all my wishes at the occasion of his 73th birthday, in this year 2011. Next, we have a series of original research papers. Branko Dragovich review his recent researches and presents some new results on the p-adic structure of the genetic code. The present author, Tidjani Negadi, contributes three papers where he uses several simple arithmetic functions, as useful tools, to investigate the physico-mathematical structure of the genetic code, with several new and amazing results. In particular our “quantum-like” approach of the genetic code describes nicely the encasing and the inter-relationships of many results obtained by Rakocevic. Natasa Misic proposes us a nice paper where she shows that famous shCherbak’s Prime Quantum 037 has nested, numeric, geometric and arithmetic properties and that it could constitute a basis for biological coding/computing. Also, Castro-Chavez, in a first paper, compares the genome of Man with the genome of other organisms by using the “rotating circular genetic code” and, in a second paper; he transfers the classic “rotating circular genetic” code to the “64-grid model”. Sergey Petoukhov presents a review of his recent work on matrix genetics and the algebraic properties of the multi‐level system of genetic alphabets. Finally, the work by Diego Lucio Rapoport could be best described, using words, by Professor Stein Erik Johansen (Dragvoll, Norway) saying that Diego Rapoport “has achieved plural novel results of great importance during the last three years, involving pieces of knowledge from many scientific fields becoming integrated in his Kleinbottle paradigm…”; “…he has had the mathematical competence and originality to convert Kleinbottle topology into important extensions of matrix logic with related informatics and cybernetics, into integration with torsion physics previously developed much by himself, and in recent times also with radical novel implications for genetics, chemistry and segments of neuroscience.” It is well understood that the presented (quality) works and views are those of individual authors, and would not be necessarily shared by the present guest Editor, the Chief-Editor or the Board of NeuroQuantology Journal. Dr. Tidjani Negadi Universite d’Oran Theme Issue, Guest Editor