Abstract
In Policing the Crisis, Stuart Hall et al. (1978) explored the calculus of work and the trope around portraying certain categories of people as taking advantage of the majority, without evidence. The concept of work became abstracted so that it was longer about employment, but about conformity with certain norms. The moralising discourse of work as a moral duty, also as connected to citizenship, underpins debates on immigration. Politicians and reporters, or ‘moral entrepreneurs’, vacillate between labelling immigrants as the lumpenproletariat, paupers and servants, and delegitimise the chance for immigrant groups to achieve class identity. The attempted removal of class identity is a dangerous defence of unfreedoms.
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