Abstract
The presented work is devoted to solving the actual problem of increasing the efficiency of rapid sand filters with granular filling, which operate at a constant filtration rate when cleaning suspensions with a relatively high concentration of contaminants. The proposed mathematical model for clarifying the suspension by filtration consists of three interconnected blocks: clarified, filtration, and hydraulic. Convenient dimensionless mathematical dependencies are obtained for calculating the concentrations of contaminants and sediment from the height of the filter and suspension in the filtrate; head loss in the filter loading; the effective time of the filter (the duration of the filter cycle). The design of the experimental setup and the methodology for conducting experimental studies and mathematical processing of the results are valid. The results of experimental studies of the suspension filtering process through the granular loading are presented, and the obtained data is analyzed. Measurement of pressure losses in the filter loading is performed when a suspension is passed with a relatively high concentration of contaminants at various filtration rates. The nature of the change in the filtration rate with time and height (length) loading at various filtration rates and initial contamination concentrations is determined. Measured variable concentration of suspended matter in filtered water and retained contamination over time. As a result of the experiments, it is confirmed that an increase in the concentration of retained contaminants S leads to an increase in the parameter Δn/n. Upon reaching a certain value of the concentration of the retained sediment S (in our case S=30 g/dm3), an increase in the relative specific volume of the sediment greater than Δn/n0=0.65 is not observed. It is established that an important characteristic of the retained sediment is the ratio of the volume concentration of the sediment to the volume concentration of solid particles in this sediment γ=Csd/Сs. The values of the adhesion and detachment of particles of contaminant in the particles of the material loading =4,9; =0,009. The results of experimental studies in general confirm the correctness and reliability of the obtained analytical dependencies.
Highlights
Water preparation for the needs of industrial enterprises is carried out according to various technological schemes in order to bring its physico-chemical parameters in line with the requirements of consumers
The results of our studies have shown that an increase in the relative specific volume of sediment ∆n due to the influence of trapped particles of contaminant causes a significant decrease in the relative filtration rate of the granular bed
Based on the physical model, a general mathematical model of suspension clarification by filtration is substantiated and constructed, which makes it possible to evaluate the influence of various factors and output characteristics on the treatment process
Summary
Water preparation for the needs of industrial enterprises is carried out according to various technological schemes in order to bring its physico-chemical parameters in line with the requirements of consumers. Useful for evaluating the effectiveness of the process of water clarification on the filter are obtained by us and are shown in Fig. 7 graphs showing the change in the relative concentration of contaminants in the final section of the treatment structure (Cе = Се / С0) over time during the cleaning of the suspension with the initial concentration of the suspension С0=200 mg/l depending on the filtration rate V. This graph shows the dotted line the limit of permissible clarification (95 %) on the filter structure. The function f(S) is specified taking into account (10) and the expression for SS
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