Abstract
“Civil Religion,” a term first coined by Jean Jacques Rousseau, fits Durkheim's contention that religious and social experience are co-terminous. Civil religion points to the religious dimension of the polity. It is essential to inspect the reality of civil religion to settle two, long-standing, debates—the one about the wisdom of separation of church and state; the other, about the integrative or divisive role of religion in society. Civil religion evolves in western society. The pattern of evolution follows a three-fold phase: undifferentiation, state sponsorship in the period of modernization, differentiation. Cross cultural comparisons of Japan, Imperial Rome, The Soviet Union, Turkey, France and The United States uncovers comparative costs and advantages of each phase of evolution.
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