Abstract
City management and city managers may be associated with local government in the United States where a majority of city governments use the council-manager form of government, and the city manager may be viewed as a unique kind of official who operates with a high degree of separation—but not independence—from election officials. Cities in other countries, however, have an appointed chief executive officer (CEO) who is a professional administrator comparable to a city manager. Some countries follow the council-manager structure, but in others, the CEO is overseen by an elected officials with some executive authority. It is also possible that the top appointed official is a chief administrative officer (CAO) who operates under the authority of a mayor who is the chief executive. The discussion will examine the similarities and modest differences between city managers and other CEOs, and it will distinguish the CEO and the CAO.
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