Citrus reticulatae pericarpium Extract Decreases the Susceptibility to HFD-Induced Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder in Mice Exposed to Azithromycin in Early Life.

Hanqi Lu,Qiuxing He,Lin Zhou,Yanting You,Linjie Lou,Pingping Jiang,Ming Wang,Xiaomin Sun,Xiuqiong Fu,Liqian Chen,Xinghong Zhou,Yanyan Liu,Hiu Yee Kwan,Xiaoshan Zhao,Jiaojiao Dai

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.774433

Abstract

BackgroundStudies have shown that gut microbe disorder in mice due to early-life antibiotic exposure promotes glycolipid metabolism disorder in adulthood. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear and there is not yet an effective intervention or treatment for this process.PurposeThe study investigated whether early-life azithromycin (AZT) exposure in mice could promote high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder in adulthood. Moreover, the effect of citrus reticulata pericarpium (CRP) extract on glycolipid metabolism disorder via regulation of gut microbiome in mice exposed to antibodies early in life were investigated.Methods and ResultsThree-week-old mice were treated with AZT (50 mg/kg/day) via drinking water for two weeks and then were fed a CRP diet (1% CRP extract) for four weeks and an HFD for five weeks. The results showed that early-life AZT exposure promoted HFD-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder, increased the levels of inflammatory factors, promoted the flora metabolism product trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and induced microbial disorder in adult mice. Importantly, CRP extract mitigated these effects.ConclusionTaken together, these findings suggest that early-life AZT exposure increases the susceptibility to HFD-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder in adult mice, and CRP extract can decrease this susceptibility by regulating gut microbiome.

Highlights

Glycolipid metabolism disorder, an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is the primary feature of several metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver
These results suggest that citrus reticulata pericarpium (CRP) extract reduces body weight and modifies glycolipid metabolism disorder in HFDinduced glycolipid metabolism disorder mice treated with AZT
The AZT group exhibited further exacerbation of lipid metabolism disorder, and the CRP diet improved this disorder in the AZT-treated mice (Figures 4C–F). These results suggest that CRP extract improves glucose and lipid metabolism in HFDinduced glycolipid metabolism disorder mice treated with AZT

Summary

Introduction

Glycolipid metabolism disorder, an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is the primary feature of several metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver. Antibiotic exposure in childhood changes the composition of the gut microbiome, leading to a decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria and an increased abundance of harmful bacteria; this increases the susceptibility to glycolipid metabolism disorder in adulthood [3]. Animal studies have shown that disorder of the gut microbiome in mice in early life can promote high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder in adulthood [4, 5]. Studies have shown that gut microbe disorder in mice due to early-life antibiotic exposure promotes glycolipid metabolism disorder in adulthood. Purpose: The study investigated whether early-life azithromycin (AZT) exposure in mice could promote high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder in adulthood. The effect of citrus reticulata pericarpium (CRP) extract on glycolipid metabolism disorder via regulation of gut microbiome in mice exposed to antibodies early in life were investigated

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion