Citrus Black Spot Disease in Ghana: A Review on Impacts, Management Options and Current Status

Abstract

Citrus is one of the most common seasonal fruit crops cultivated across most semi-deciduous forest zones across the globe. Apart from its refreshing nature when consumed in a fresh state, it is also packed with an abundant supply of vitamins A, B and C. Apart from being served in the raw state as a fruit or a dessert, it also serves as a critical raw material for the beverage industry. In some instances, it also serves as a very important material for the pharmaceutical industry. As important as this fruit can be, its production is challenged by the incidence of pests and diseases. One of the major diseases facing the industry is the Citrus Black Spot (CBS), caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa. In Ghana, CBS is known to affect almost all citrus species and varieties in commercial groves, except for sour orange (C. aurantium) and its hybrids and Tahiti lime (C. latifolia). It is estimated to be responsible for about 22% of fruit/yield loss annually. This review highlighted the impact on the citrus production industry in Ghana, the management options available and future perspectives.