Abstract
Since the proclamation of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) Caliphate in June 2014, an unprecedented number of jihadi supporters in Europe have left their countries to fight alongside the organisation in Iraq and Syria. Over the years, ISIS has lost much of its territory and was militarily defeated in 2019, leaving a large number of members waiting in Kurdish camps and Iraqi prisons for their fate to be decided. Instead of repatriating foreign fighters, many European countries have started to use citizenship deprivation as a tool of preventing them from returning. Under the rationale of protecting national security and deterring possible supporters, it has been argued that citizenship deprivation is nothing more than risk exportation, with notable implications for a whole international community. This article provides an overview of the rationale behind citizenship deprivation as a counterterrorism measure and highlights how, from a counterterrorism perspective, shifting the problem instead of addressing it, could be counterproductive and undermine the fight against terrorism. The article concludes that despite numerous implications, following the public pressure to harshly respond to terrorism, it is unlikely that the popularity and use of citizenship deprivation as a counterterrorism measure will be in decrease soon.
Highlights
Since the proclamation of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) Caliphate in June 2014, thousands of jihadi supporters have travelled to Iraq and Syria to settle in ISIS territories and fight alongside the organisation
Under the pressure imposed after exposure of the atrocities committed by the IS, it is an immediate response by politicians, exporting the problem in an attempt to demonstrate that they are acting decisively and substantively to avoid further terrorist attacks, as well as punishing those previously implicated in fighting
62 It can be argued that the policy has proven politically popular, because of its symbolic nature, satisfying the need for governments to act decisively on terrorism to assuage national security concerns
Summary
Since the proclamation of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) Caliphate in June 2014, thousands of jihadi supporters have travelled to Iraq and Syria to settle in ISIS territories and fight alongside the organisation.
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