"Citizens outside the Government": Business and Urban Policy in San Francisco and Los Angeles, 1890-1932

Abstract

More is known about the urban history of the twentieth-century American West than ever before. For California, urbanization, the working class, city bosses and reform mayors, ethnic minorities, and the metropolitan-military complex can be discussed with increasing sophistication.1 Studies of these subjects provide important historical insight while at the same time provoking interest in another ques-