Cities and regions for a blue economy

Abstract

The blue economy can be a driver of sustainable economic development, but it is both subject and a contributor to climate change and environmental degradation. Ocean health starts with freshwater health, but freshwater and ocean policies are disconnected, and water security is a blind spot in blue economy strategies. Subnational governments are competent in policy areas that can improve water quality, such as water and sanitation, waste management and land use; and their investment responsibilities in grey and green infrastructure can foster resilience to growing water risks.