CIRUGÍA PLÁSTICA Y SUS COMPLICACIONES: ¿EN QUÉ DEBEMOS FIJARNOS?

Abstract

Plastic surgery and its complications: What we should look? Plastic surgeries are becoming more popular, being performed on a varied type of population and often as office-based procedures. Despite being highly elective procedures, they have risks and complications, which should be reported to patients by the health personnel. The most frequently performed procedures are breast augmentation and body liposuction. The most relevant complications associated with plastic surgery are pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis, which is the leading cause of mortality in this type of surgery. Other complications are local anesthetics intoxication secondary to the use of tumescent solution in body liposuction, inadequate management of perioperative intravenous fluids, mild hypothermia and severe pain after surgery caused by poor postoperative analgesia. It is essential to prevent the described complications, which significantly increase morbidity, mortality and hospital stay. The perioperative measures that have de monstrated effectiveness in reducing perioperative risk are thromboprophylaxis, depending on the thrombotic risk categorization of each patient and the use of adequate concentrations of lidocaine and vasoconstrictor in the tumescent solution. Appropriate temperature monitorization and use of conservation measures in patients with exposure of large body surfaces is also an important issue, as is diligence in intraoperative fluid balance and administration of intravenous multimodal analgesia, adjusted to the magnitude of the surgery. In order to achieve this, proper communication between the surgical team, anesthesiologists and nurses is vital, as it permits implementation of specific measures that permit adequate monitorization, prevention of complications and analgesic management described above.