Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as circunstâncias da criação do primeiro curso de graduação em enfermagem do Espírito Santo a partir da expansão dos cursos de graduação em enfermagem no Brasil na década de 1970. Método: estudo sócio-histórico documental, com abordagem qualitativa. O recorte temporal compreende o período de 1972 a 1976, sendo o marco inicial demarcado pela III Reunião de Ministros da Saúde das Américas, ocorrida no Chile. Foram utilizadas como fontes primárias centrais dois documentos escritos: o relatório do trabalho intitulado “Dados sobre a formação do pessoal de enfermagem do Brasil”, produzido pela Comissão de Documentação e Estudos da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem, publicado em 1969, e o relatório “Desenvolvimento do Ensino Superior de Enfermagem no Brasil”, publicado pelo Departamento de Assuntos Universitários do Ministério da Educação e da Cultura, em 1979. Resultados: a expansão do número de cursos de graduação em enfermagem no Brasil na década de 1970, a partir do Plano Decenal de Saúde Para as Américas, propiciou condições favoráveis para criação do primeiro curso de graduação em enfermagem do Espírito Santo. Conclusão: o Brasil, por meio do Departamento de Assuntos Universitários do Ministério da Educação e da Cultura e com o apoio da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem, iniciou uma política de desenvolvimento da enfermagem, onde foram criados, na década de 1970, um expressivo número de cursos de graduação em enfermagem, possibilitando além do aumento do quantitativo de enfermeiros uma melhor distribuição geográfica desses profissionais.
Highlights
The aim of this study was to analyze the circumstances of the creation of the first nursing undergraduate course in Espírito Santo (ES), based on the expansion of undergraduate nursing courses in Brazil in the 1970s
The justification for the implementation of the nursing development policy in Brazil can be seen in the introduction of the report “Nursing Higher Education Development in Brazil”, published in 1979, where it was shown that: “The effort for continuous and consistent changes in nursing education stems from the need for nurses’ training to be adapted to the growing health demands of the population. [...] The training of nurses proposes a new concept that requires a decisive attitude given the facts related to the: new health care philosophy, with emphasis on preventive aspects; organization of the national health system; raising the level of the populations; assistance directed toward integral healthcare provided directly to individuals and groups in the community”.2:15
The Survey of Nursing Resources and Needs in Brazil, conducted in the 1950s by the Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem (ABEn), showed that the insufficient number of nurses had always been present throughout the development of the profession in the country, there was little nursing alone could do to try to reverse this situation.[12]
Summary
The aim of this study was to analyze the circumstances of the creation of the first nursing undergraduate course in Espírito Santo (ES), based on the expansion of undergraduate nursing courses in Brazil in the 1970s. These proposals were part of the Ten-Year Health Plan for the Americas, proposed in the Charter of Punta del Este.[1] This Charter was one of the products of a political strategy organized by the government of the United States (USA), written by the InterAmerican Economic and Social Council (Conselho Interamericano Econômico e Social - CIES) and signed by the countries of the Organization of American States (OAS), in the event that took place in the city of Punta del Este, Uruguay, in August 1961, for the implementation of the “Alliance for Progress”. These meetings were known as the I, II and III Meetings of the Ministers of Health of the Americas
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